Michael Johnson, M.D., is an orthopaedic surgeon with UAB Sports and Exercise Medicine. Below, he answers some common questions about Achilles tendon tears and how they are treated. This information is based on the typical injury and may not apply to every case.
What is an Achilles tendon tear?
The Achilles tendon is a strong band of tissue at the back of the ankle that connects the calf muscles to the back of the heel bone. An Achilles tendon tear is a full or partial tearing of this tissue. It may occur in the middle of the tendon, or the tendon may tear and pull off near where it connects to the heel bone.
How does this type of injury usually happen?
An Achilles tendon tear is commonly caused by a sudden acceleration or pushing off from the foot. It may also occur when the foot is bent too far upward or downward.
What are the immediate symptoms?
Many patients say it feels like someone kicked the back of their ankle or a “popping” sensation. They also report pain, weakness, swelling, and bruising in the area.
How is an Achilles tendon tear diagnosed?
Doctors start by taking a detailed medical history and performing an exam, including testing the patient’s ability to move the foot. X-rays are typically used to rule out any bone injury. An MRI may be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Does this injury require surgery?
In most cases yes – especially for athletes – but it also may be treated non-surgically. Patients should talk with their orthopaedic physician to determine the treatment option best suited for their case.
What does recovery typically look like?
Patients must not put weight on the foot for a period of time, followed by a time of wearing a protective boot with heel lifts as the injured area gets used to supporting weight again. Physical therapy is ordered to help regain muscle strength.
When can a person with an Achilles tendon tear return to play or activity?
Return to activity happens gradually based on how well the tendon is healing, but most patients can return to regular daily activities within three months. Returning to sports takes longer, usually 6-12 months.
Can this injury be prevented?
Your risk can be reduced by focusing on stretching and strengthening the Achilles tendon. Maintaining an active lifestyle while avoiding excessive and sudden weight increases on the ankle can also reduce your risk, along with proper warmups and stretching before activity. Patients also should be aware that the fluoroquinolone family of antibiotics – such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro), levofloxacin (Levaquin), moxifloxacin (Avelox), and ofloxacin – have been shown to increase the risk of tendon tears.
When should someone with an Achilles tendon tear see a sports medicine specialist at UAB Medicine?
If you suspect that you have an Achilles tendon tear, you should immobilize your ankle, avoid putting weight on it, and contact an orthopaedic physician. To reach UAB Sports & Exercise Medicine, please call at 205-930-8339.